{"id":275490,"date":"2019-09-24T22:04:17","date_gmt":"2019-09-24T15:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quipperhome.wpcomstaging.com\/?p=275490"},"modified":"2023-02-07T15:13:26","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:13:26","slug":"gelombang-berjalan-dan-stasioner-fisika-kelas-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quipperhome.wpcomstaging.com\/mapel\/fisika\/gelombang-berjalan-dan-stasioner-fisika-kelas-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelombang Berjalan dan Stasioner – Fisika Kelas 11"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Gelombang<\/p>\n

Hai Quipperian, bagaimana kabarnya? Semoga selalu sehat dan tetap semangat belajar ya!<\/span><\/p>\n

Di zaman milenial ini, banyak kamu muda yang menggemari musik. Bahkan, banyak di antara mereka yang mahir menggunakan alat musik, contohnya gitar. Saat gitar dimainkan, akan muncul irama yang indah untuk didengarkan. Di balik indahnya suara gitar, ternyata ada proses fisika yang berlangsung di dalamnya. Saat dawai dipetik, akan muncul gelombang sepanjang lintasan dawai. Jika gelombang sudah mencapai ujung dawai yang terikat, gelombang akan dipantulkan kembali. Nah, gelombang itu dinamakan gelombang stasioner. Cobalah untuk mengamati gelombang tersebut saat Quipperian memetik dawai gitar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Setelah mengamati gelombang stasioner yang terjadi pada dawai, kini saatnya Quipperian mengamati gelombang berjalan. Cobalah untuk mengambil batu, lalu lemparkan batu tersebut ke dalam genangan air. Saat batu dilemparkan ke dalam genangan air, akan muncul riak gelombang kan? Ternyata, riak gelombang tersebut merupakan contoh bentuk gelombang berjalan, <\/span>lho<\/span><\/em>. Memangnya, apa sih gelombang stasioner dan gelombang berjalan itu? Temukan jawabannya di pembahasan kali ini.<\/span><\/p>\n

Besaran-Besaran dalam Gelombang<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Membahas masalah gelombang tidak akan lepas dari besaran-besaran berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Panjang gelombang<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Panjang satu gelombang adalah panjang antara satu bukit dan satu lembah atau jarak antarpuncak yang berdekatan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bagaimana cara menentukan panjang gelombangnya? Simak gambar berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kira-kira berapa gelombang yang terbentuk pada gambar di atas? Oleh karena terdapat dua puncak dan dua lembah, maka jumlah gelombangnya ada 2. Berapa panjang untuk satu gelombang? Jika panjang AX dimisalkan 10 m, maka panjang untuk satu gelombangnya dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Periode dan frekuensi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Periode adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan gelombang untuk menempuh satu panjang gelombang. Secara matematis dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span><\/em> = periode (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

t<\/span><\/em> = waktu tempuh gelombang (s); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

n<\/span><\/em> = banyaknya gelombang.<\/span><\/p>\n

Frekuensi adalah banyaknya gelombang yang terbentuk dalam waktu satu sekon. Secara matematis, frekuensi dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

f<\/span><\/em>  = frekuensi (Hz);<\/span><\/p>\n

n<\/span><\/em> = banyaknya gelombang;<\/span><\/p>\n

t <\/span><\/em>= waktu tempuh gelombang (s); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span><\/em> = periode gelombang (s).<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Cepat rambat gelombang<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cepat rambat gelombang adalah jarak tempuh gelombang tiap sekon. Jika dinyatakan dalam bentuk matematis, cepat rambat gelombang memiliki persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

f<\/span><\/em>  = frekuensi (Hz);<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span><\/em> = periode gelombang (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

v<\/span><\/em> = cepat rambat gelombang (m\/s); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03bb = panjang gelombang (m). <\/span><\/p>\n

4. Gelombang Berjalan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mengapa gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh pelemparan batu ke dalam air digolongkan sebagai gelombang berjalan? Memang apa sih gelombang berjalan itu?<\/span><\/p>\n

Gelombang berjalan adalah gelombang yang memiliki amplitudo tetap. Artinya, titik-titik yang dilalui gelombang mengalami getaran harmonik dengan amplitudo tetap. Ada beberapa persamaan yang harus Quipperian ketahui saat belajar gelombang berjalan. Adapun persamaan yang dimaksud adalah sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Persamaan simpangan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gelombang berjalan memiliki persamaan simpangan seperti berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

y<\/span><\/em> = simpangan (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/em> = amplitudo gelombang (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

\ud835\udf14<\/span><\/em> = kecepatan sudut gelombang (rad\/s);<\/span><\/p>\n

t<\/span><\/em>  = lamanya gelombang beretar (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

T  <\/span><\/em>= periode gelombang (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

k<\/span><\/em> = bilangan gelombang;<\/span><\/p>\n

x<\/span><\/em> = jarak titik ke sumber getar (m); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03bb = panjang gelombang (m). <\/span><\/p>\n

6. Persamaan kecepatan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Seperti Quipperian ketahui bahwa kecepatan merupakan turunan pertama dari jarak atau simpangan. Dengan demikian, persamaan kecepatan gelombang berjalan adalah persamaan yang diturunkan dari persamaan simpangan. Secara matematis, persamaan kecepatannya dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

v<\/span><\/em> = kecepatan (m\/s); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

y<\/span><\/em> = simpangan gelombang (m).<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Persamaan percepatan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Seperti halnya kecepatan, persamaan percepatan merupakan turunan pertama dari kecepatan dan turunan kedua dari simpangan. Secara matematis, persamaan percepatan adalah sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

a<\/span><\/em> = percepatan (m\/s<\/span>2<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

v<\/span><\/em> = kecepatan gelombang (m\/s); dan<\/span><\/p>\n

y<\/span><\/em> = simpangan (m).<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Sudut fase gelombang<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sudut fase adalah sudut yang ditempuh oleh benda yang bergetar.  Sudut fase dinyatakan dalam fungsi sinus dari persamaan umum gelombang. Secara matematis, dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Fase gelombang<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Fase gelombang adalah besaran yang berkaitan dengan simpangan dan arah gerak gelombang. Secara matematis, fase gelombang dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

10. Beda fase<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Beda fase adalah perbedaan fase gelombang atau tahapan gelombang. Secara matematis, beda fase dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Dua buah titik bisa memiliki fase sama dengan syarat sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Dua buah titik bisa memiliki fase berlawanan dengan syarat sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gelombang Stasioner<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gelombang stasioner adalah hasil perpaduan dua buah gelombang yang amplitudonya selalu berubah. Artinya, tidak semua titik yang dilalui gelombang ini memiliki amplitudonya sama. Saat membahas gelombang stasioner, Quipperian akan bertemu dengan istilah perut dan simpul. Perut adalah titik amplitudo maksimum, sedangkan simpul adalah titik amplitudo minimum. Gelombang stasioner dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gelombang stasioner ujung bebas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gelombang stasioner ujung bebas tidak mengalami pembalikan fase. Artinya, fase gelombang datang dan pantulnya sama. Dengan demikian, beda fasenya sama dengan nol.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Perpaduan antara gelombang datang dan gelombang pantul pada ujung bebas menghasilkan persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span><\/em>p<\/span><\/em><\/sub> = amplitudo gelombang stasioner (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

Y<\/span><\/em>p<\/span><\/em><\/sub> = simpangan gelombang stasioner (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

\ud835\udf14<\/span><\/em> = kecepatan sudut gelombang (rad\/s);<\/span><\/p>\n

t<\/span><\/em>  = lamanya gelombang beretar (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

k<\/span><\/em> = bilangan gelombang; dan<\/span><\/p>\n

x<\/span><\/em> = jarak titik ke sumber getar (m).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Untuk menentukan letak perut dari ujung bebas, gunakan persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Untuk menentukan letak simpul dari ujung bebas, gunakan persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

      Gelombang stasioner ujung tetap<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Secara matematis, persamaan simpangan gelombang stasioner ujung tetap dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Keterangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

      A<\/span><\/em>p<\/span><\/em><\/sub> = amplitudo gelombang stasioner (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

      Y<\/span><\/em>p<\/span><\/em><\/sub> = simpangan gelombang stasioner (m);<\/span><\/p>\n

      \ud835\udf14<\/span><\/em> = kecepatan sudut gelombang (rad\/s);<\/span><\/p>\n

      t<\/span><\/em>  = lamanya gelombang beretar (s);<\/span><\/p>\n

      k<\/span><\/em> = bilangan gelombang; dan<\/span><\/p>\n

      x<\/span><\/em> = jarak titik ke sumber getar (m).<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Untuk menentukan letak simpul dari ujung tetap, gunakan persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Untuk menentukan letak perut dari ujung tetap, gunakan persamaan berikut.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

          Belajar konsep dasar sudah, kira-kira belajar apa lagi ya Quipperian? Bagaimana jika selanjutnya berlatih soal? <\/span>Nah<\/span><\/em>, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman Quipperian tentang gelombang berjalan dan stasioner, simak contoh soal berikut ini.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Contoh soal 1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          Suatu gelombang yang frekuensinya 500 Hz merambat dengan kecepatan 300 m\/s. tentukan jarak antara dua titik yang berbeda sudut fase 60<\/span>o<\/span><\/sup>!<\/span><\/p>\n

          Pembahasan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Diketahui:<\/span><\/p>\n

          f<\/span><\/em>  = 500 Hz<\/span><\/p>\n

          v<\/span><\/em> = 300 m\/s<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u2206\u03b8<\/span>p<\/span> = 60<\/span>o<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

          Ditanya: \u2206<\/span>x<\/span><\/em> =\u2026?<\/span><\/p>\n

          Pembahasan:<\/span><\/p>\n

          Pertama, Quipperian harus menentukan panjang gelombangnya.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

          Lalu, gunakan rumus beda fase berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

          Jadi, jarak antara dua titik yang berbeda sudut fase 60o<\/sup><\/span> adalah 0,1 m.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Contoh soal 2<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Pembahasan:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Diketahui:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Ditanya: jarak antara perut dan simpul yang berdekatan =\u2026?<\/span><\/p>\n

          Pembahasan:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

          Untuk menentukan jarak antara perut dan simpul yang berdekatan, tentukan dahulu nilai saat <\/span>n<\/span><\/em> = 0.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\" <\/span><\/p>\n

          Dengan demikian, jarak antara perut dan simpul yang berdekatan dirumuskan sebagai berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

          Jadi, jarak antara perut dan simpul yang berdekatan adalah 0,125 m.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Bagaimana Quipperian? Sudah semakin paham kan tentang materi gelombang berjalan dan stasioner? Ternyata, penerapan keduanya sering kamu jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, <\/span>lho<\/span><\/em>. Jika Quipperian ingin melihat video pembahasannya, silahkan gabung bersama Quipper Video. Bersama Quipper Video, belajar jadi lebih mudah dan menyenangkan. Salam Quipper!<\/span><\/p>\n

          Penulis: Eka Viandari<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Hai Quipperian, bagaimana kabarnya? Semoga selalu sehat dan tetap semangat belajar ya! Di zaman milenial ini, banyak kamu muda yang menggemari musik. Bahkan, banyak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99400369,"featured_media":275532,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[679384877,679384888],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[679386827,679386838],"class_list":["post-275490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fisika","category-mapel"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGelombang Berjalan dan Stasioner - Fisika Kelas 11 - Quipper Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quipperian, gimana ya penjelasan dan contoh soal mengenai gelombang berjalan? 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